Winter 2026The independent journal of cheese
fromageAn independent journal of cheese, from the milk to the plate
Science & Making

How Cheese Is Made: From Milk to Cheese

Cheese begins when milk proteins come together into a curd, which holds water and fat while whey, the liquid portion, drains away. The maker then controls acidity, moisture, salt and, for ripened cheeses, the conditions in which microbes and enzymes develop the finished texture and flavour. Follow the milk through the vat first, then explore the science and the different methods.[1,2]

Cutting the curd in a dairy vat
Fresh milk arriving in a dairy vat
Start here

Milk

Milk is the starting point for exploring how cheese is made.

Everything in this section